Was ist der Unterschied zwischen den 10 Geboten (Dekalog) des Katholischen Katechismus und denen der Bibel?

First of all, there is more than one version of the Decalogue in the OT, apart from the most famous one, there is also the so-called the "ritual decalogue" in Exodus 34:11-26, which is probably historically earlier. Determining which specific shape of the decalogue is "more correct" is therefore difficult, because it is not even clear what point of reference to adopt. The second problem is that in the biblical texts there is no clear division into specific commandments and it is not known where one ends and the other begins. It is true that the 9th and 10th commandments in the Catholic version would more logically sound as one (including coveting other people's slaves, etc.), but it is equally arbitrary to separate the prohibition of making "images" from the commandment "thou shalt have no other gods before me", because it is a natural continuation of the same and prohibition of idolatry, which can be seen in a kind of brace around this supposedly "correct" second commandment in Exodus 20:3 and Exodus 20:5.
It is also true that at one time the Israelites believed that Yahweh should not be depicted and made in likeness, and there was a kind of aniconism, but this is not reflected in the Ten Commandments.
In general, the difference is mainly due to the fact that there is no obvious division of the "Ten Commandments" into actually ten separate parts. It should also be noted that nowhere in the biblical text is the expression "ten commandments" unequivocal in relation to what we understand today as the ten commandments (although it is used in relation to the ritual decalogue).

Yahweh God established this festival between himself and the nation of Israel. Christians do not have the Sabbath.
Christians are not bound by the Law of Moses (of which the 10 commandments were a part) - however, the rules given there teach them what pleases Yahweh God.

...very large, in the Decalogue there is a commandment, do not bow with a figure, you will not find it in the catechism, and in every church, figure upon figure. generally, on the one hand, one could say that the Decalogue does not apply to us. However, on the other hand, God's law reveals to us the Creator's way of thinking and understanding evil and good. If God says to Moses you mustn't make a carved image, it means He abhors it! This is confirmed by the later prophet Isaiah, who condemned the nation of Israel for idolatry, God compared gold objects of worship to dung! God is immutable and just. No one will deceive Him by deception and lofty philosophy. Jesus condemned the Pharisees and religious leaders for cleverly replacing the Law of God with human tradition and teachings.

The difference between the 10 Commandments in the Catholic Catechism and those in the Bible is that the ones in the Bible are more detailed and are supplemented with additional information on how to keep God's Commandments. In the Catholic Catechism, the 10 Commandments are presented in a shortened form that is clear to anyone's understanding. As in the Bible, specific criteria are given for each commandment, but the Catechism supplements them with additional information, which helps us to know better and more fully what it means for us as Christians.

First of all, the church should teach from the Bible, not from the catechism. The truth is, the Law of Moses no longer applies to us. The Decalogue from the Book of Exodus 20:2-17 refers, for example, in verse 4 to the fact that God does not recognize images, figures, statues representing any likeness of either man or animal. Verse 5 says that they must not bow down.

The Israelites were punished by Yahweh for making the golden calf. God does not change his rules by adapting to people, so even though the Mosaic Law no longer applies, God's attitude to images, pictures, figures and sculptures has not changed. Then it's disgusting to him.

Further in Ps. 115:4-8 it is very interestingly emphasized that they should not be worshipped.

To sum up, the Catechism exists as something that is supposed to divert attention from the content of the Bible and to be able to freely change it to suit your needs. It certainly does not contain the true position of God.

There is no difference. The catechism version is an abbreviated form that is easier to remember.

In the Catholic Catechism, the 10 Commandments are presented in abbreviated form and divided into two blocks: the first concerns the love of God and the second concerns the love of neighbor. In the Bible, the 10 commandments are presented in full form and without division. However, there is no significant difference in the content and meaning of the Decalogue itself between the Catechism and the Bible. In the Catholic Catechism: You have one God and you will love Him above all things. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain. Sanctify the Lord's day. Honor thy father and thy mother. Do not kill. Don't commit adultery. Do not steal. Do not bear false witness against your neighbor. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's wife. Do not covet anyone's wealth. In the Bible: I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage. You shall have no other gods before Me. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain. Remember to keep the holy day holy. Honor thy father and thy mother. You will not kill. Thou shalt not commit adultery. You will not steal. Thou shalt not speak falsehood against thy neighbor as a witness. You shall not covet your neighbor's house, nor his wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is his.